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Generic Spiriva ( Tiotropium Bromide )
Spiriva (tiotropium bromide) is a long‑acting inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator indicated for the long‑term, once‑daily maintenance treatment of bronchospasm and airflow obstruction associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It is also used as add‑on maintenance therapy in adults with asthma who remain uncontrolled on inhaled corticosteroids and long‑acting beta‑agonists. Tiotropium blocks M3 muscarinic receptors in airway smooth muscle, producing sustained bronchodilation and reducing mucus hypersecretion. Spiriva is not intended for the acute relief of bronchospasm.
Usual adult dose: The dose depends on the formulation. For Spiriva HandiHaler (dry powder capsules), one capsule (18 mcg of tiotropium) is inhaled once daily using the HandiHaler device; the capsule must not be swallowed. For Spiriva Respimat (inhalation solution), the recommended dose is two actuations of 2.5 mcg each (total 5 mcg) once daily at the same time of day. More than one dose in a 24‑hour period must not be taken. If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered, but two doses should never be taken on the same day. Regular daily use is essential for optimal benefit, even when asymptomatic.
Dosage form: Spiriva is available as a dry powder for inhalation in hard capsules containing 18 mcg of tiotropium (for use only with the HandiHaler device) and as a clear, colourless solution for oral inhalation in the Respimat cartridge, delivering 2.5 mcg of tiotropium per actuation (60 metered actuations per cartridge). Note: A 9 mcg tiotropium dry powder inhaler is available in Canada under a different brand (Tiova); Spiriva does not come in a 9 mcg strength.
Onset of action: Bronchodilation begins within 30 minutes of inhalation, with peak effect occurring 1 to 3 hours after dosing. Stable improvement in lung function is reached within 48 hours of initiating daily therapy and is sustained with continued use.
Duration of action: The bronchodilator effect persists for approximately 24 hours, allowing for once‑daily dosing. The prolonged duration is due to slow dissociation from M3 receptors and the pharmacokinetics of the inhaled route.
Alcohol recommendation: There is no known direct pharmacokinetic interaction between tiotropium and alcohol. However, excessive alcohol intake may depress respiration, worsen COPD symptoms, and impair the ability to use the inhalation device correctly. Moderation is advised.
Most common side effects: Dry mouth (the most frequently reported adverse effect), pharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, and constipation. Anticholinergic effects require caution in patients with narrow‑angle glaucoma, prostatic hyperplasia, or bladder‑neck obstruction. Patients must avoid getting the powder or mist into the eyes, as this may precipitate acute angle‑closure glaucoma. A short‑acting bronchodilator should be carried for acute symptoms; Spiriva is not a rescue medication. If paradoxical bronchospasm occurs after inhalation, treatment should be discontinued and medical attention sought immediately.
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